Routes of Drug Administration

These are special drug subheadings which can be used to retrieve information about particular methods of administering a drug, e.g. Oral, Intramuscular, Intravenous, Sublingual, Topical, etc. They are used in exactly the same way as Drug Subheadings.

The relationship between drug links and routes of drug administration is an AND relationship. For example, if a drug term is linked to drug therapy and oral drug administration, Embase executes the search as: ‘drug term’/dd_dt AND ‘drug term’/dd_po

The following ‘routes of drug administration’ subheadings are available. These subheadings are available for records published from 2000.

Drug administration route Code
Buccal drug administration dd_bd
Epidural drug administration dd_ei
Inhalational drug administration dd_ih
Intraarterial drug administration dd_ia
Intraarticular drug administration dd_ar
Intrabronchial drug administration dd_br
Intrabursal drug administration dd_bu
Intracameral drug administration dd_cl
Intracardiac drug administration dd_ic
Intracavernous drug administration dd_ca
Intracerebral drug administration dd_ce
Intracerebroventricular drug administration dd_cv
Intracisternal drug administration dd_ci
Intradermal drug administration dd_dl
Iintraduodenal drug administration dd_du
Intragastric drug administration dd_ig
Intralesional drug administration dd_il
Intralymphatic drug administration dd_ly
Intramuscular drug administration dd_im
Intranasal drug administration dd_na
Intraocular drug administration dd_io
Intraosseous drug administration dd_os
Intraperitoneal drug administration dd_ip
Intrapleural drug administration dd_pl
Intraspinal drug administration dd_sp
Intrathecal drug administration dd_tl
Intratracheal drug administration dd_tr
Intratumoral drug administration dd_tu
Intratympanic drug administration dd_ty
Intraurethral drug administration dd_ur
Intrauterine drug administration dd_ut
Intravaginal drug administration dd_va
Intravenous drug administration dd_iv
Intravesical drug administration dd_ve
Intravitreal drug administration dd_vi
Oral drug administration dd_po
Parenteral drug administration dd_pa
Periocular drug administration dd_oc
Rectal drug administration dd_rc
Regional perfusion dd_rp
Retrobulbar drug administration dd_rb
Subconjunctival drug administration dd_cj
Subcutaneous drug administration dd_sc
Sublabial drug administration dd_sb
Sublingual drug administration dd_li
Topical drug administration dd_tp
Transdermal drug administration dd_td